COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF ADAPTIVE METHODS OF SPATIAL-FREQUENCY SIGNAL PROCESSING IN RADIO ELECTRONIC COUNTERMEASUREMENT CONDITIONS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.28925/2663-4023.2026.34.1345Keywords:
electronic warfare, spatial-frequency orientation, adaptive antenna array, radiation pattern, MVDR, LCMV, LMS, RLS, spatial filteringAbstract
The article presents the results of a theoretical study and comparative analysis of existing methods of spatial-frequency orientation of countermeasures against electronic warfare (EW) sources. The relevance of the work is driven by the need to systematize accumulated scientific and technical knowledge in the field of spatial and frequency signal processing under conditions of an increasing number, density, and complexity of electronic jamming sources, which is characteristic of modern combat employment scenarios of EW countermeasure systems. The main groups of methods are considered: non-adaptive (fixed) spatial processing (conventional/Bartlett beamforming), statistically optimal adaptive methods (MVDR/Capon, LCMV), gradient and recursive adaptive algorithms (LMS, RLS), as well as direction-of-arrival (DOA) oriented approaches (MUSIC and ESPRIT). For each method, the operating principle, theoretical foundations, input data requirements, computational features, and sensitivity to input errors and noise level are examined. A classification of methods according to several independent criteria (controllability, optimality criterion, computational scheme) is performed, and generalized structural schemes of spatial-frequency orientation are constructed, illustrating the common principle of forming the weighting coefficients of a receiving array. Based on the analysis of scientific publications, the methods are compared in terms of accuracy, resolution, robustness to errors, computational complexity, sample data requirements, adaptivity, and applicability in spatial-frequency countermeasure systems; the results are summarized in six analytical tables. A general pattern is established according to which an increase in the accuracy and resolution of methods is accompanied by an increase in computational complexity and sensitivity to input data errors. Limitations of existing methods are identified, and promising directions for further research are outlined, in particular regarding robust modifications and hybrid spatial-frequency schemes. The work is purely theoretical: no computer or simulation modelling, nor the development of new methods or algorithms, was performed within this article.
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