GAPS IN METHODS FOR MINIMISING CYBERSECURITY RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH THE USE OF CRYPTOCURRENCIES IN NATIONAL FINANCIAL SYSTEMS

Abstract

This paper presents the results of a systematic literature review covering peer-reviewed publications from 2020 to 2026 on cybersecurity of cryptocurrency systems and their integration into state financial infrastructure, conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 methodology. The analysis is organized around three thematic clusters: security architectures of Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDC); vulnerabilities of integration gateways between traditional payment systems (SWIFT, ISO 20022) and blockchain networks; and machine learning methods for anomaly detection in cryptocurrency transactions. Additionally, the role of explainable AI (XAI) techniques and graph neural networks for anti-money laundering detection is examined. Based on the systematic synthesis of selected publications, three interrelated research gaps are identified at the intersection of technology domains: the absence of ML anomaly detection methods adapted specifically to the KYC-verified permissioned CBDC environment, where transaction patterns differ fundamentally from pseudonymous public blockchains; the absence of a formal threat model for the integration gateway between state CBDC infrastructure and legacy systems (SWIFT, ISO 20022); and the lack of integrated solutions combining ML-based anomaly monitoring with protocol-level FATF Travel Rule support within a single state payment system. A conceptual approach to addressing these gaps is proposed, comprising a staged implementation strategy: development of an ML model selection methodology, construction of a formal threat model for the gateway, and creation of a Docker-based prototype monitoring system. The research findings establish a scientific foundation for the subsequent development of an applied software and technical solution for cybersecurity protection of the Ukrainian state financial system, particularly in the context of the National Bank of Ukraine e-hryvnia project.