SIMULATION MODELLING OF THE RESOURCES OF THE PARTIES TO A 51% ATTACK IN BLOCKCHAIN SYSTEMS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.28925/2663-4023.2026.34.1331Keywords:
digital currencies, cryptocurrency exchanges, 51% attack, low hashrate, game theory, strategies of the parties, simulation modellingAbstract
The relevance of research into 51% attacks on blockchain systems continues to grow amid the rapid development of cryptocurrency technologies and their increasing popularity among users. As the analysis of publications on the research topic has shown, such attacks constitute one of the most serious threats to blockchain integrity, especially in systems with a low hashrate, where the risk of compromise is considerably higher. The study conducted not only confirms the severity of this problem but also provides an initial version of a software toolkit for analysing and developing effective protection strategies. The article focuses on the use of modern information systems and technologies (IST) for simulation modelling, which will make it possible to analyse the mechanisms of such attacks in greater depth. Further research envisages the creation of a more detailed computational module based on game theory, which will become part of an intelligent information system that can be integrated into the infrastructure of cryptocurrency exchanges (CEX), providing monitoring and early warning of potential 51% attacks. The use of game theory in this context makes it possible to model the behaviour of various network participants, helping to develop more reliable defensive strategies. Importantly, the application of simulation modelling provides an opportunity to investigate different attack scenarios and responses to them, which is key to forming a comprehensive approach to protecting blockchain systems, since IST makes it possible to analyse large volumes of data and anomalies that may precede attacks, thereby significantly increasing the security level of cryptocurrency exchanges. The implementation of these research directions will substantially expand the understanding of the mechanisms of 51% attacks and enable the development of more effective ways of protecting blockchain systems. This opens up a number of promising areas for further study of 51% attacks, including the improvement of consensus algorithms, the development of adaptive protection systems and the introduction of new technologies, such as artificial intelligence for automated response to threats, ultimately contributing to the creation of more resilient and secure cryptocurrency ecosystems.
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