ANALYTICAL MODEL FOR ASSESSING INDICATORS OF NODE COMPROMISE IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.28925/2663-4023.2026.35.1434Keywords:
wireless sensor network, Internet of Things (IoT), WSN, protection, node capture, node compromise, mobility, cooperation, alarm, security, reliability, probabilistic modelAbstract
The development of wireless sensor networks and their increasing use in modern monitoring systems have created a need for improved mechanisms to detect potential node compromise, particularly under conditions of limited computational resources, unstable communication links, and the risk of physical node capture. Conventional presence-monitoring mechanisms based on periodic heartbeat messages cannot reliably distinguish between node unavailability caused by normal network conditions and violations of its software or hardware integrity.
This paper proposes an analytical model for assessing indicators of potential node compromise based on threshold-based presence monitoring involving designated observers and a decision rule. Assuming that independent authenticated confirmations arrive according to a Poisson process, analytical expressions are derived to estimate the probability of receiving no new confirmation and the probability of triggering a false group alarm. These expressions account for the contact arrival rate, the duration of the observation interval, and the cooperation threshold. The model is extended to incorporate correlated connectivity disruptions and observer availability. In addition, the decision-making procedure is refined by introducing a re-verification stage for suspicious nodes, while remote attestation is considered as an additional mechanism for detecting software integrity violations.
The analytical results demonstrate how the probability of false alarms depends on contact patterns, the degree of cooperation, and correlated connectivity disruptions. It is shown that increasing the group confirmation threshold reduces the probability of false alarms but simultaneously decreases the likelihood of timely alarm generation. The derived relationships provide a theoretical basis for selecting the parameters of potential node compromise detection mechanisms while accounting for the operational characteristics of wireless sensor networks.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Надія Довженко, Євген Іваніченко, Роман Киричок
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